It is projected that global warming will significantly impact vegetation productivity on a global scale. However, the extent and geographical distribution of this impact remain inadequately quantified. In this study, we utilized outputs from 11 earth system models to forecast alterations in the sensitivity of vegetation productivity to temperature (Svpt, herein interpreted as the extent to which increases or decreases in temperature lead to enhanced or diminished vegetation biomass) under various CO2 emission trajectories and across different vegetation and assess how Svpt relates to socio-ecosystems. It indicates that by the late-twenty-first century, area proportions experiencing global temperature increases exceeding 2 °C are projected to cover 3%, 40%, 97%, and 99% of the terrestrial ecosystem under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. Expected greatest increase in terrestrial gross primary productivity at low latitudes. Between 33 and 63% of global vegetated lands exhibit a negative Svpt trend, suggesting that warming hinders growth promotion. By 2060, a discernible shift from acting as a carbon sink to becoming a carbon source is predicted to occur under the SSP3-7.0. Precipitation also plays a crucial role in Svpt changes, exhibiting an inverted U-shaped correlation. Elevated precipitation thresholds are associated with Svpt reaching its peak under high-emission scenarios. Further, socio-demographic pressures in regions such as the central region of Africa and East Africa are expected to negate the positive impacts of warming on plant growth. Effective population and land management strategies are imperative for these nations to attain sustainable socio-ecological development.