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The supply capacity and trade-off/synergy relationships of ecosystem services are particularly important in ecological protection and zoning for ecological security. However, existing studies tend to focus on either the supply capacity or the trade-off/synergy relationships of ecosystem services independently and often overlook the nonlinear responses of ecosystem services to various driving forces during the zoning process. Taking southwest China as a case study, we developed a supply index, a relationship index, and a comprehensive index by estimating the supply capacity and trade-off/synergy relationships of several key ecosystem services: soil conservation, water yield, net primary productivity, and food production. Then, we conducted an analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the three indices, explored the constraint relationship between the driving forces and the comprehensive index, and identified critical thresholds and regional ecological zoning plans. It was observed that regional ecosystem service supply experienced a slight increase from 2000 to 2020, indicating the beneficial impact of ecological restoration efforts. However, there was a noticeable trade-off among local regions striving to maximize ecosystem service supply. Therefore, it is essential to integrate both the supply of ecosystem services and the trade-off/synergy relationships into ecological safety zoning. Regions with low values across three indexes were mainly concentrated in the western Sichuan Plateau. In contrast, regions with high supply indexes were located in the southwest corner of the study area, while those with high relationship and comprehensive indexes were clustered in the eastern part. The comprehensive index was influenced by natural social conditions, vegetation environment conditions, and socio-economic conditions. These factors showed an inverted U-shaped relationship with the comprehensive index, indicating distinct threshold effects. Over time, the constraints imposed by natural-social and vegetation environment conditions on the comprehensive index became more stringent. The study area was primarily occupied by the relative restoration area, and the absolute safety zone is being the smallest area. In future, adjustments to the constraint forces in different zones must be made to maximize the provision and optimize the relationship of regional ecosystem services.

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Ecological Security Zoning Based on the Threshold Effect Between Ecosystem Services and Driving Factors

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Tiantian Chen,
  • Li Peng

摘要

The supply capacity and trade-off/synergy relationships of ecosystem services are particularly important in ecological protection and zoning for ecological security. However, existing studies tend to focus on either the supply capacity or the trade-off/synergy relationships of ecosystem services independently and often overlook the nonlinear responses of ecosystem services to various driving forces during the zoning process. Taking southwest China as a case study, we developed a supply index, a relationship index, and a comprehensive index by estimating the supply capacity and trade-off/synergy relationships of several key ecosystem services: soil conservation, water yield, net primary productivity, and food production. Then, we conducted an analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of the three indices, explored the constraint relationship between the driving forces and the comprehensive index, and identified critical thresholds and regional ecological zoning plans. It was observed that regional ecosystem service supply experienced a slight increase from 2000 to 2020, indicating the beneficial impact of ecological restoration efforts. However, there was a noticeable trade-off among local regions striving to maximize ecosystem service supply. Therefore, it is essential to integrate both the supply of ecosystem services and the trade-off/synergy relationships into ecological safety zoning. Regions with low values across three indexes were mainly concentrated in the western Sichuan Plateau. In contrast, regions with high supply indexes were located in the southwest corner of the study area, while those with high relationship and comprehensive indexes were clustered in the eastern part. The comprehensive index was influenced by natural social conditions, vegetation environment conditions, and socio-economic conditions. These factors showed an inverted U-shaped relationship with the comprehensive index, indicating distinct threshold effects. Over time, the constraints imposed by natural-social and vegetation environment conditions on the comprehensive index became more stringent. The study area was primarily occupied by the relative restoration area, and the absolute safety zone is being the smallest area. In future, adjustments to the constraint forces in different zones must be made to maximize the provision and optimize the relationship of regional ecosystem services.