Metal ions are crucial plant nutrients and play indispensable roles in cellular and physiological processes. They also function as a crucial cofactor for important enzymes, supporting numerous metabolic processes. Certain proteins are necessary for transporting these metal ions into and throughout the plant system. Molecular level investigations have uncovered a wide variety of metal ion transporters in plants, with NRAMPs (Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Proteins), being particularly associate with the uptake, transport, and distribution of divalent metal ions, such as Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, and Co2+. NRAMPs are conserved across all domains of life, ranging from simplest bacteria to highly evolved eukaryotes such as flowering plants. The expression of NRAMP genes and the uptake of divalent ions are subject to various environmental and genetic factors. NRAMPs facilitate the transport of divalent metals throughout the entire developmental spectrum, from germination through sexual maturity to seed development. Additionally, NRAMP genes are variably regulated during plant-pathogen interactions, cold stress, and drought stress, and in leguminous plants, they also regulate nodule formation by modulating metal export processes. Unlocking the potential of NRAMP genes through genetic engineering offers promising applications including phytoremediation, biofortification, and the development of crop genotypes with enhanced biomass and resilience to both biotic and abiotic stresses. This chapter delves into the multifaceted aspects of NRAMPs, encompassing their overall function, structural characteristics, phylogeny, and intricate cellular crosstalk, providing valuable insights into their significance in the plant kingdom.