Cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop because more than 3.5 billion people are dependent on rice grain for their daily 40–70% calorie intake. Rice production must be increased (double amount) to feed growing population (> 9 billion people) of the world by 2050 without any additional rice cultivation area. Developed varieties should be low input efficiency and tolerant/resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses in this global climate change scenario to maintain high yield potentiality. Released varieties have made the yield increase in stagnation due to narrow genetic base in the parental lines. Enhancement of the genetic base in the released varieties is a required step to break the yield plateaus. Breeders generally depend on the genetic variation available in the crop germplasm to develop improved varieties because these variations are considered as key factors for successful breeding program. Wild rice species (Oryza sp.) has been considered as reservoirs of numerous important genes/QTLs associated with yield and quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Breeder can achieve the improvement of yield growth over released varieties by introgressing genetic components related (genes/QTLs) to yield, quality, biotic/abiotic stresses tolerant traits from wild species of rice under family poaceae. Introgression of agronomically important traits can be achieved by pre-breeding technique utilising underutilised wild species of rice with the help of MABC. SSR markers are the widely used marker in trait specific gene or QTL tagging and mapping. Most advanced biallelic SNPs marker has also been utilised in QTLs mapping in this post-genomic era. Different types of primary and secondary mapping populations such as F2, RIL, DH, CSSLs, NILs and BILs are being routinely practiced in QTL mapping process.