The conventional physical health monitoring system for table tennis players mainly uses Kinect v2 method to construct a respiratory movement monitoring model, which is susceptible to the dynamic consumption changes of receptor energy, resulting in high monitoring delay. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new physical health monitoring system for table tennis players based on IoT sensing. The hardware part designs an AD623 operational amplifier, MAX integrated sensor, and DHT11 digital environmental humidity temperature sensor. The software part designs a physical health monitoring algorithm for table tennis players based on IoT sensing, constructs a physical health monitoring model for table tennis players, and designs a physical health monitoring function module for table tennis players, thereby achieving physical health monitoring for table tennis players. The system testing results show that the designed physical health monitoring system for table tennis players based on IoT sensing has a low monitoring delay, proving that the designed physical health monitoring system has good performance, reliability, and certain application value, making a certain contribution to reducing athletes’ sports risk.