Introduction: The compressive syndrome of the anterior tarsal tunnel (ATT) is a rare compressive mononeuropathy of the deep peroneal nerve at the level of the anterior region of the ankle when this nerve follows a path over the inferior extensor retinaculum. Objectives: To describe the anatomy of the deep peroneal nerve, historical aspects of ATT syndrome, clinical changes of this neuropathy, complementary exams, and conservative and surgical treatment. Discussion: ATT neuropathy presents a clinical diagnosis that can be corroborated by complementary exams such as electroneuromyography and imaging exams. Patients usually have sensitivity changes such as pain, hypoesthesia, and paresthesia in the region of the first interdigital space. The most commonly described etiology is local trauma. Conservative treatment should always be the first measure to be taken in the face of a patient with this compressive syndrome. Surgery is indicated only when symptoms persist after conservative treatment. Conclusion: The compressive syndrome of the ATT is a rare compressive neuropathy of the lower limb whose diagnosis is clinical and corroborated by complementary exams, such as electroneuromyography. It can be initially treated conservatively and surgically, after failure of conservative treatment.