Introduction: Compressive neuropathy of the peroneal nerve (CNPN) is the most common compressive neuropathy of the lower limb and the third most common neuropathy, right after carpal tunnel syndrome and cubital tunnel syndrome. Its clinical importance also lies in the paresis of foot dorsiflexion, leading the patient to develop “foot drop.” Objective: To conduct a review on peroneal nerve neuropathy from the perspective of its complementary exams. Discussion: Ultrasound (US) can reveal the presence of fibrosis and nerve thickening. Some relevant differential diagnoses can be identified through this exam, such as tumors and + other space-occupying lesions. Electroneuromyography (ENM) is an exam that allows identifying radiculopathies from lumbosacral disc herniations, lumbosacral plexopathy, mononeuropathies, polyneuropathies, myopathies, and multiple mononeuropathies. ENM also reveals the point of the lesion, as well as the severity and prognosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can identify a pattern of muscle denervation that provides a sensitivity and specificity of 100% in the detection of CNPN. MRI is also capable of detecting regional muscle edema, muscle atrophy, and fatty infiltration in the muscle. Conclusion: Complementary exams play a relevant role in identifying differential diagnoses and secondary causes of this neuropathy. Among the complementary exams, electroneuromyography stands out.