Forest Fire’s Drivers: Climatic, Biological and Anthropological
摘要
Forest fires are complex phenomena that generally impact forest ecosystems positively and negatively. Forest fire incidents have caused significant ecological and economic disruptions worldwide in recent years. Several factors have likely contributed to the increase in these incidents. The major driving forces behind forest fires can be categorized into anthropogenic, biological, and climatic drivers (ABCs). These ABC factors are increasingly transitioning forest resources to a higher-risk state by exacerbating the danger of fires in various regions. This essay describes the major ABC drivers, emphasizing fire hazards. Among these drivers, anthropogenic factors have become the major causative agents in the past century, primarily due to the rapid expansion of industries, tourism, increased population density, and livelihood demands. Increased emissions bridge anthropogenic-driven climate and biological changes, selection of inappropriate species, and natural climatic variability, all of which contribute to the potential and intensity of fires. The driving mechanisms and impacts of these causative forces are elaborated, followed by possible measures to mitigate the destructive effects of fires. Despite large uncertainties, anthropogenic drivers can spark fire incidents, while climate and biological drivers may lead to increased fire activity. Effective, independent, and mutual stewardship is suggested to minimize the impact of ABCs on forest fires. An evidence-based approach to technological adoption, combined with the inclusion of knowledge from forest fringe communities in natural and urban landscaping, will help achieve the desired goal of fire management in fire-prone areas. Furthermore, trans-disciplinary research efforts are recommended to examine anthropogenic-driven climate change and its indirect influence on modified biological factors causing forest fires at the regional level. Reviewing and revising existing forest fire management policies, increasing forest resilience and fire plans, and minimizing biological fuel can effectively deal with the incidence and expansion of forest fires in high-risk zones. Hence, reducing the severity of fire hazards and impacts requires nations to come together on a single platform to formulate ecosystem-based guidelines for forest fire management and address the associated challenges.