For decades, North Africa and the Maghreb have remained a hotbed of terrorism in Africa, and this is linked to the internal socio-political dynamics of the countries and external happenings affecting the Muslim populations in Asia and the Middle East. The Mujahedeen struggles in Afghanistan in the 1980, the Palestinian question, spread of Salafi and Wahhabi doctrine and Iran in Middle East affairs have significantly contributed to sustain the recruitment and radicalisation of the North African population. Consequently, the countries of North Africa and the Maghreb have become fertile for the establishment of jihadi cells and spread of violent extremism. This trend has escalated since the aftermath of the Arab Spring in Middle East and North Africa with the renewed activities of the Al Qaeda Network and the Islamic State, and sustained by the relative inability of the North African countries to cooperate at regional levels to address mutual security threats.