“The Only Real Democracy is Direct Democracy”: An Exploration of the Concept of Democracy in Two Italian Contemporary Utopian Communities
摘要
This chapter focuses on one expression of utopianism—communitarianism—and more specifically on two contemporary utopian communities in Italy, La Comune di Bagnaia and Damanhur, and their conceptualizations of democracy. Both communities were founded in 1979 in response to the student protests of 1968 and the subsequent Anni di piombo (Years of Lead). In strong connection with the historical context out of which both case studies surfaced, they developed two different “ideal” forms of democracy. While the two forms of democracy in each community slightly differed due to their sizes, democracy for both resided in using a specific kind of dialogue during decision-making and can be likened to Amy and Arnold Mindel’s concept of deep democracy or democratic dialogue.