This chapter discusses the nature and scope of human trafficking in Indonesia. It begins by discussing the history of human trafficking and slavery in the country as they already existed before the Dutch and Japanese occupations, then moves on to describe the various forms of trafficking, including trafficking for domestic labour and the sex industry. The chapter also examines how international policies on human trafficking, particularly those focused on prevention, prosecution, and protection, have been implemented through Indonesia’s national anti-trafficking laws. It shows that a range of efforts have been made by the government and organisations to counter trafficking based on the 3Ps of prevention, prosecution, and protection. Hence, most of those programmes focus on preventing people from being trafficked and becoming the victims of trafficking. Although the government and the other organisations have started to see the need to consider prevention from the perpetrators’ point of view, and some strategies have been implemented, there is still so much to be done to prevent people from being involved or participating in human trafficking operation.