Robotic transabdominal preperitoneal (rTAPP) is a safe and effective approach for the repair of select ventral/incisional hernia (VIH). The increasing popularity of rTAPP VIH repair is multifactorial; however, this trend is likely due to the growing belief that implantation of less expensive, uncoated permanent synthetic mesh in a preperitoneal location leads to better incorporation of mesh, fewer or less dense peritoneal adhesions, and less acute postoperative pain secondary to atraumatic fixation strategies. In addition, the rTAPP approach can be applied to repair of hernia in challenging anatomic locations such as the diaphragm, epigastrium, hypogastrium, and flank. Successful rTAPP VIH repair requires a thorough understanding of abdominal wall anatomy, mesh products, fixation strategies, and expected clinical outcomes as well as limitations of the approach. The following chapter highlights the brief history of this approach, explains patient selection, details the operative steps with emphasis of tips, tricks, and pitfalls, and features literature supporting its safety and efficacy.