Rock Avalanches of North-Eastern Transbaikalia (Russia)
摘要
North-Eastern Transbaikalia is characterized by contrasting relief, high tectonic activity and seismicity. In the Quaternary period, the region was covered by glaciers during the cooling epochs, and during the warming epochs extensive paleolakes repeatedly appeared in the intermountain depressions. The Angarakan-Okuyakan and Parama clusters of large-scale rockslides and rock avalanches have been described in the North-Eastern Transbaikalia. Eight large-scale rockslides and rock avalanches have been identified within the Angarakan-Okuyakan landslide cluster and six—within the Parama landslide cluster. The largest Ugrum-1 rockslide has a volume > 1.5 km3. Four rockslides and rock avalanches are characterized by volumes of several hundred million cubic meters. Most of the described rock avalanches in North-Eastern Transbaikalia belong to the frontally confined rock avalanches. The coefficient H/L from 0.28 to 0.34 is typical for them. Several large-scale rockslides and rock avalanches have formed landslide dams that blocked the river flow. All the described large-scale rock avalanches and rockslides distributed in North-Eastern Transbaikalia are characterized by their proximity to zones of active, seismogenic (up to M = 7.6 + 0.3) faults. It is concluded that all the described large-scale rock avalanches and rockslides are seismogenic.