This study examines the different use of supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs) such ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash (FA), and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) to partially substitute ordinary Portland cement (OPC) in binders mixtures. By assimilating these materials, the study assesses their impact on the physico-mechanical properties of concrete, in that way enhancing both mechanical properties and ecological sustainability. Experimental methods needed producing 75 × 75 × 75 mm concrete specimens, which underwent curing periods of 28 and 56 days to evaluate compressive strength dynamics. Performance analysis across diverse binder concoctions revealed significant variance in strength maturation, with select admixtures like Mix B-5—which incorporates 30% FA, 10% SCBA, and 10% GGBS—outperforming conventional mortar standards at both intervals. These findings highlight the potential for strategic SCM incorporation to not only optimize concrete’s mechanical properties but also contribute significantly to sustainable construction practices by reducing reliance on OPC, thereby diminishing associated carbon emissions.