Now, the present scenario is such that fossil fuels will soon get depleted. Thus, alternative fuel for finding the best and industrial sectors have started to grow at a fast rate since the emergence of transport. All alternative fuels, such as LPG and CNG, are available in ample quantity but they too have major drawbacks due to pollution emissions. Acetylene is used in this project as an alternative fuel for IC engines. This in turn decreases the consumption of petroleum products. Calcium carbide and water are decomposed to form acetylene gas. Acetylene gas, on burning, emits less harmful pollutants compared to petroleum products because it is produced from renewable energy sources. Thus, acetylene is considered a fairly cheap and greener fuel. In this research, combustion characteristics, performance parameters and emission of acetylene gas have been compared with conventional gasoline. In the present work, experimental tests have been carried out on a SI engine with variations of mixture ratio and ignition timing. It follows that acetylene gas allows for proper combustion with an improvement in thermal efficiency and a reduction in GHG and pollution emissions. On the other side, criticalities arise concerning safety, manageability, and combustion stability. In short, this review established that acetylene gas could act like an alternative fuel for SI engines and might have given a glimpse of the challenges and opportunities associated with their use.