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This study investigates the scratch resistance of nickel–graphite (Ni–Gr) composite coatings, focusing on the impact of varying graphite concentrations. Ni–Gr coatings were electrodeposited from a Watts bath with graphite concentrations of 0, 1, 10, and 20 g/L. Surface morphology, microhardness, and scratch behavior were analyzed using SEM/EDS, Vickers microhardness testing, and scratch testing with a Rockwell HRC penetrator. Results reveal that increasing graphite content alters the coating morphology from pyramidal to nodular, decreases microhardness linearly due to graphite’s soft nature, and increases scratch resistance irregularities. For pure Ni coatings, the critical loads for microcrack initiation (LC1) and propagation (LC2) were 6.2 N and 9.8 N, respectively. In contrast, Ni–Gr coatings with 10% graphite showed LC1 and LC2 values of 5.6 N and 9.2 N, respectively, while 37 and 40% graphite coatings exhibited lower LC1 and LC2 values, indicating reduced scratch resistance. These findings suggest that while graphite enhances tribological properties, it compromises scratch resistance. Future research should explore optimizing graphite content to balance mechanical and tribological performance for industrial applications.

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Investigation of the Influence of Graphite Content on Scratch Resistance of Electrodeposited Nickel–Graphite Composite Coatings

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Dorra Trabelsi,
  • Faten Nasri,
  • Mohamed Kharrat,
  • Maher Dammak,
  • Marielle Eyraud,
  • Florence Vacandio

摘要

This study investigates the scratch resistance of nickel–graphite (Ni–Gr) composite coatings, focusing on the impact of varying graphite concentrations. Ni–Gr coatings were electrodeposited from a Watts bath with graphite concentrations of 0, 1, 10, and 20 g/L. Surface morphology, microhardness, and scratch behavior were analyzed using SEM/EDS, Vickers microhardness testing, and scratch testing with a Rockwell HRC penetrator. Results reveal that increasing graphite content alters the coating morphology from pyramidal to nodular, decreases microhardness linearly due to graphite’s soft nature, and increases scratch resistance irregularities. For pure Ni coatings, the critical loads for microcrack initiation (LC1) and propagation (LC2) were 6.2 N and 9.8 N, respectively. In contrast, Ni–Gr coatings with 10% graphite showed LC1 and LC2 values of 5.6 N and 9.2 N, respectively, while 37 and 40% graphite coatings exhibited lower LC1 and LC2 values, indicating reduced scratch resistance. These findings suggest that while graphite enhances tribological properties, it compromises scratch resistance. Future research should explore optimizing graphite content to balance mechanical and tribological performance for industrial applications.