During braking, it is crucial to comprehend and regulate both the sliding speed and normal load to optimize the performance and durability of braking systems. The primary aim of this study is to investigate the influence of sliding speed and normal load on the tribological behavior of brake lining materials. Three experimental tests were conducted by varying the load from 92 N to 139 N and the sliding speed from 3 m/s to 4.5 m/s. Experimental findings indicate that sliding speed affect the friction coefficient stability. Subsequently, machine learning and explainable algorithms are developed to establish a friction database model, shedding light on the relationship between brake solicitation and the evolution of the friction coefficient. The Shapley Additive explanation (SHAP) model reveals that sliding speed emerges as the most influential factor, positively affecting the friction coefficient level of brake lining materials. These findings align well with experimental results, underscoring the importance of understanding and managing sliding speed and normal load in optimizing braking system performance.