In this chapter, the outcomes of a thorough review of applications utilizing various techniques based on fluorescent signals for the analysis and quality control of fruits and vegetables, in recent years are presented. The utility of such techniques have been examined for both temperate and tropical fruits, nuts, and leafy and fruits vegetables. This includes the characterization and control during various harvest and post-harvest periods, as well as the typification or classification of these foods. Additionally, achievements in the quantitative analysis of different components of these products are also discussed. It is concluded that fluorescence imaging techniques are increasingly being used, enabling non-destructive analysis with minimal sample manipulation. The incorporation of a large number of chemometric tools for preprocessing signals or enhancing extractable information from them is also highlighted.