International student mobility (ISM) plays a crucial role in the internationalization of secondary education. In Italy, an increasing number of incoming and outgoing secondary school students participate in study abroad programs annually. From a policy perspective, the Italian Ministry of Education promotes and legally recognizes these programs. This is not a common policy approach elsewhere. From a research standpoint, a non-profit private organization, Fondazione Intercultura, conducts research on and supports ISM in Italy. This contribution is notable, particularly considering that the literature pertaining to ISM is scarce and fragmented. As such, Italy presents a unique case in the realm of ISM. This chapter aims to comprehensively examine the phenomenon of ISM in Italy, emphasizing policies and examining relevant empirical research. The chapter first problematizes and defines the concept of ISM within the broader framework of internationalization. Then, it discusses Italian educational policies on ISM and provides a comprehensive overview of student mobility programs and associated debates in Italy. The chapter concludes by presenting some implications for policies, research, and practices.