The Lower Kihansi Environmental Management Project was designed in 2001 to address the medium-term environmental impacts arising from the Lower Kihansi Hydropower Project. Given the multiplicity of threats that were facing the Kihansi Spray Toad and its critical habitat in the early 2000s, developing and implementing a Kihansi Spray Toad recovery program would require the involvement of multiple governmental and non-governmental stakeholders. To reconcile competing mandates and interests among stakeholders, a high-level governmental multi-agency Steering Committee was established chaired by the Permanent Secretary of the Vice President’s Office. To assist the Steering Committee in decision-making, a Multi-sectoral Technical Advisory Committee was established consisting of representatives from key ministries. Activities that were identified to be implemented during the first year of LKEMP included initiating a review of the previous research and ecological monitoring in the Kihansi Gorge, identifying future research and monitoring priorities, and developing a training program to enhance national capacity in conservation biology, water resource and environmental management, and captive breeding of amphibians and amphibian husbandry.