Søren Kierkegaard is often seen as a slightly unusual, and perhaps not very serious, philosopher. This is not the least due to his ironic and partly polemical writing style. But it is also because he spans so many disciplines. It is simply unclear to what extent he contributes to theology, philosophy, or psychology. In this chapter, the focus is on his contribution to psychology. The main question is to what extent he is able to say something about psychology as a science or whether his writings are merely private reflections on his own psychological problems. There is no doubt that he himself struggled with both anxiety and depression. The methodological approach to shedding light on this question uses a classic hermeneutic-historical approach to the most relevant writings from his production. These are then seen in light of the historical psychological context of Kierkegaard’s time. The findings of this analysis show that Kierkegaard was particularly rooted in a German philosophical tradition that goes back to Christian Wolff. As such, he must be seen in the context of Wolff’s successors, namely, Alexander Baumgarten and Immanuel Kant. There is a great range and a conflict in the relationship between Baumgarten and Kant in the understanding of both psychology and philosophical cognition. It is precisely this conflict that Kierkegaard focuses so strongly on and which characterizes most of what he communicates through his writings. This is the almost insurmountable conflict between metaphysics and psychology. While Baumgarten united these two sciences by making psychology the premise of metaphysics, Kant removed psychology for metaphysics to survive. Kierkegaard, however, removes metaphysics from psychology and attempts to purify psychology by emphasizing that subjectivity is truth, which, in turn, can only be a faith-based certainty. Psychology completely evades both the axioms of metaphysics and the dogmas of theology. With these conclusions, Kierkegaard anticipates many of the discussions that have run through the twentieth century about the scientific status of psychology.