The tenacious presence of emerging pollutants in drinking water, notably PFAS, microplastics, pesticides, medicines, personal care products, and chemicals, raises serious health concerns about possible adverse effects. While many contaminants do not pose immediate hazards, continual monitoring and control are needed to ensure their safe use. This chapter highlights the critical challenge of establishing acceptable threshold limits for emerging contaminants to implement a robust regulatory framework and safeguard the health of people. It outlines the process of integrating risk assessment approaches, toxicological data, and current regulatory standards from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the European Union (EU), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Furthermore, this chapter scrutinizes the challenges and information gaps and looks for the use of more effective methods, legislative amendments, continuous research studies, and improved public awareness to standardize and implement these safe limits globally.