Occurrence, Distribution, and Removal of PFAS in Aquatic Ecosystem
摘要
Owing to the lower cost and broader applications of groups of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), almost all commonly deployed commodities have been reported as one of the most concerning issues in the world. The physiochemical features of organic pollutants, which have been included in the category of persistent organic environmental pollutants, and their carcinogenic nature have detrimental impacts not only on the health of both biotic and abiotic components of the ocean ecosystem but also on the planet on a global scale. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) are the most common and are distributed in aqueous ecosystems. In addition, the occurrence, distribution, and constraints of methods for the removal of PFAS by granular activated carbon (GAC), ion exchange, reverse osmosis (RO), adsorption, advanced oxidation (AOP) and advanced reduction (ARP) processes, and hybrid methods (combinations of ozone in conjunction with sonolysis in addition to AOP with ultrasonication) have been described.