Microplastics (MPs) are increasingly becoming a global environmental issue due to their pervasive presence and potentially harmful effects on ecosystems and human health. This chapter investigates the environmental challenges posed by MPs, attributed to their pervasive occurrence, dispersion, and various removal technologies available for their elimination. These findings emphasize the widespread existence of MPs in various ecosystems, such as aquatic environments, land habitats, and the atmosphere. Among various remediation technologies, the bioremediation of MPs by microorganisms is a promising and eco-friendly approach for mitigating their environmental impact. This chapter also examines several physical and chemical MP removal techniques, including adsorption, magnetic separation, membrane filtration, and electrocoagulation. The efficiency, limitations, and potential for scalability of each technique are discussed, offering a thorough understanding of the existing approaches for mitigating MP contamination.