One of the greatest threats to human health is the ingestion of water that has been contaminated with radioactive chemicals. The inappropriate disposal of radioactive waste, natural geological deposits, nuclear accidents, and industrial operations are some of the possible sources of these contaminants. Due to their strong penetrating capacity, gamma rays can impact the entire body, presenting significant health hazards even at low exposure levels; in contrast, beta particles can enter deeper, endangering interior organs and bones. Radiation sickness—a condition characterized by nausea, vomiting, and extreme exhaustion—is an urgent health problem that can result from extreme radiation exposure. Cancer, genetic abnormalities, and other major health problems are more likely to result from prolonged exposure. Strict water source monitoring, strong regulatory measures, and extensive response techniques are important for effective public health protection. Ensuring the safety of water sources is vital for sustaining human health and maintaining ecological equilibrium in the face of radioactive hazards.