TIER: Temporality as Iterative Expectation Revision
摘要
This chapter introduces the thesis of Temporality as Iterative Expectation Revision, or TIER, and describes how our minds construct the present on an ongoing basis. This position takes a predictive approach to the mind as a starting point and argues that such an approach has a very natural way of explaining time-consciousness that dovetails with the phenomenological analysis given in the previous chapter (the extensional-retentional analysis, or ERA). According to TIER, it is the successive system-wide updating of expectations, which on predictive models generates subjective experience, that determines the unique character of our temporal phenomenology. In particular, the activity of continually replacing expectations with new ones in light of ever-changing incoming stimuli ultimately grounds experiential succession, which is here understood ontologically as a relational flux. The duration of the specious present, meanwhile, is determined on this model by the real temporal extension of the aggregated hierarchical cognitive processing underway. Insofar as temporal phenomenology is therefore determined by temporal properties of experience and the cognitive processes constructing it, this picture coincides with a generally extensional perspective on time-consciousness. At the same time the intentionality of the expectations should matter to our temporal phenomenology as well, in the sense that the kind of expectations, in terms of temporal character, should matter to the phenomenal character of experiential events. The result is a complex but in fact rather economical view that sees time-consciousness as baked into the predictive mechanisms responsible for consciousness in general. Finally, the chapter disputes internal clock models and concludes with speculations on the biological and physical origins of time-consciousness, proposing a hitherto neglected biogenic approach to the subject.