In this chapter, the salutogenic framework is applied as a theoretical foundation for health promotion. Health promotion and salutogenesis are intertwined. In this chapter, they are therefore compared using their respective value sets in the search for coherent interpretations. Some core concepts of salutogenesis and health promotion, such as health, wellbeing, quality of life and human rights are processed into a coherent entity of the, at the time, new principles of the WHO Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Salutogenesis offers a theory for health promotion as it operationalizes the action areas of the Charter. The chapter serves as an introduction and guidance to the contents of the rest of the book where the continuing story is brought to the present time also including suggestions for the future.