From 1846 to 1851 in California, The Calaboose and other county jails, such as The Blockhouse, also functioned as state prisons [1]. As county jails, these were small and unorganized short-term holding places for misdemeanants (estimated to hold only three inmates each), and as state prisons they were still small and unorganized but served as longer-term placements for those who committed felony level offenses. Although larger scale jails and penitentiaries were becoming more commonplace in other parts of the country, especially in the Northeast, the development and expansion of these places of confinement and correction had not ventured much further West than the great Mississippi river. Indeed, Eastern, Midwestern, and prior to the Civil War, Southern States, had already begun larger scale investment in organized jail and prison institutions by this time, and law enforcement for that matter.