The limited regenerative capacity of the central nervous system (CNS) remains a formidable challenge in neuroscience and regenerative medicine. Recent advances in biomaterials and tissue engineering have ushered in a new era of possibilities for CNS regeneration through the development of bioengineered scaffolds. These constructs aim to recapitulate the complex extracellular milieu of the CNS, providing both structural support and biochemical cues to facilitate neural repair and regeneration. This chapter provides an analysis of state-of-the-art approaches in designing and fabricating bioengineered scaffolds for CNS regeneration. We examine the latest developments in biomaterial selection, design consideration, and applications. The discussion encompasses advanced functionalization strategies, including the incorporation of neurotrophic factors, cell-adhesion molecules, and topographical guidance cues. Finally, we explore emerging technologies, including 3D bioprinting and stimuli-responsive materials, and their potential to revolutionize CNS regenerative therapies.