The 21st century has witnessed a steady rise in global greenhouse gas emissions, correlating strongly with economic growth, particularly in emerging economies. Shifting from fossil fuels to renewable energy offers a promising way to reduce CO2 emissions. However, achieving carbon neutrality and effectively combating climate change requires comprehensive global cooperation. Green hydrogen and sustainable fuels, such as e-methanol and e-kerosene, produced via the Power-to-X technologies, are recognized as viable options to lower emissions and promote decarbonization. While hydrogen production presents environmental challenges, including its energy-intensive nature and reliance on fossil fuels, transitioning to green hydrogen through renewable-powered electrolysis holds promise, albeit with infrastructure and cost considerations. Adopting sustainable fuels faces some techno-economic challenges, primarily due to their higher costs compared to fossil fuels. The economic viability of these fuels depends on the cost of green hydrogen and carbon capture technologies. To make sustainable fuels cost-effective and competitive with fossil fuels by 2050, large-scale deployment, advancements in electrolysis, and extensive use of point-of-source CO2 capture technologies are essential. Nonetheless, it appears unlikely that e-fuels will be readily accessible at a reasonable cost in the foreseeable future. The potential environmental impact of adopting e-methanol and e-kerosene is assessed, emphasising the need for a comprehensive analysis of potentially adverse effects on human health and ecosystems.