The thenar and hypothenar flaps are widely used in hand surgery for their reliable vascular supply and versatile applications. This chapter provides an overview of the anatomy, surgical techniques, and clinical applications of the thenar and hypothenar flaps, including vertical and transverse Supbra flaps, and proximal and distal hypothenar flaps. The anatomy of the deep palmar arch, superficial palmar branches of the radial artery, and their branches are discussed in detail, as it is crucial for the success of these flaps. The surgical techniques for raising the various types of thenar and hypothenar flaps are described, along with their advantages and disadvantages. The clinical applications of these flaps are also discussed, with a focus on their use in reconstructing various defects in the hand.