The physical examination of the upper extremities involves a detailed evaluation of anatomical structures from the shoulder to the fingertips. This assessment is essential for understanding symptoms and formulating effective treatment plans. The process begins with taking the patient’s history, followed by careful inspection to assess symmetry, skin condition, soft tissue abnormalities, bone deformities, and range of motion limitations. Shoulder examination utilizes inspection, palpation, movement evaluation, and special tests to assess rotator cuff strength and identify potential pathologies. For instance, the supraspinatus test, also known as the “Empty Can Test,” helps detect impingement syndromes. The elbow and forearm examination includes specific palpation and stability tests to identify conditions such as epicondylitis. During hand and wrist evaluations, it is crucial to comprehensively assess motor strength, range of motion, and nerve functions. The motor and sensory functions of the median, ulnar, and radial nerves are analyzed through specific tests. For example, thumb flexion evaluates the FDP tendon, while thumb abduction assesses the median nerve function. This structured approach to examination guides clinicians in accurately diagnosing upper extremity conditions and developing effective treatment strategies. Moreover, the comprehensive evaluation of related joints and nerve structures ensures a holistic understanding of the patient’s condition.