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Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles (typically 30–150 nm in diameter) originating by an endocytosis process from various cell types and extensively circulating into surrounding biofluids. Recently, the applications of exosomes in the biomedical field have grown significantly, primarily due to their cell-specific cargos (proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids) that enable intercellular communication between neighboring cells. The presence of these components in bodily fluids serves as promising biomarkerBiomarkers resources for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. Before their analysis, various isolation platforms can be used to enrich and purify exosomes without compromising their biological activity or integrity. The development of rapid and high-throughput analytical approaches such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) continues to play a leading role in the characterization of exosomal components, demonstrating its effectiveness for biomarkerBiomarkers discovery, clinical diagnostics, and disease monitoring. This is particularly attributed to the multiple features of this technique, including easy operation, direct analytical capability, and high tolerance to contamination (i.e., detergents, salts, buffers). This chapter mainly highlights the major applications of MALDI-MSMatrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) in the analysis and characterization of exosomes. The basic principle, process, and analytical strategy of MALDI-MSMatrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) are summarized. This chapter also offers a comprehensive overview of exosome biogenesis, composition, and function, along with their enrichment and characterization using various techniques to support a deeper understanding of MALDI-MSMatrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) applications and utilization in exosome research.

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MALDI-MS Analysis of Exosomes

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Mohamed A. Gab-Allah,
  • Jeongkwon Kim

摘要

Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles (typically 30–150 nm in diameter) originating by an endocytosis process from various cell types and extensively circulating into surrounding biofluids. Recently, the applications of exosomes in the biomedical field have grown significantly, primarily due to their cell-specific cargos (proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, and lipids) that enable intercellular communication between neighboring cells. The presence of these components in bodily fluids serves as promising biomarkerBiomarkers resources for the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases. Before their analysis, various isolation platforms can be used to enrich and purify exosomes without compromising their biological activity or integrity. The development of rapid and high-throughput analytical approaches such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) continues to play a leading role in the characterization of exosomal components, demonstrating its effectiveness for biomarkerBiomarkers discovery, clinical diagnostics, and disease monitoring. This is particularly attributed to the multiple features of this technique, including easy operation, direct analytical capability, and high tolerance to contamination (i.e., detergents, salts, buffers). This chapter mainly highlights the major applications of MALDI-MSMatrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) in the analysis and characterization of exosomes. The basic principle, process, and analytical strategy of MALDI-MSMatrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) are summarized. This chapter also offers a comprehensive overview of exosome biogenesis, composition, and function, along with their enrichment and characterization using various techniques to support a deeper understanding of MALDI-MSMatrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) applications and utilization in exosome research.