This chapter investigates James Murray’s time in Canada from his appointment as junior brigadier for the 1759 Quebec campaign until his recall as civil governor of the recently established British province of Quebec in 1766. The challenges Murray and the army faced defining their enemy in Quebec, and in pacifying the French-Canadian population, enables comparison with approaches during the Forty-Five and demonstrates how the army continued to adapt to new situations and circumstances throughout the empire. Drawing on personal preference and considerations of imperial security, Murray acted moderately during the pacification and military occupation of Quebec. In advocating, and implementing, a policy of toleration and accommodation as civil governor he came to question the assumption that assimilation was necessary to guarantee imperial loyalty. At the same time, he began to ‘other’ the colonial merchants he clashed with in Quebec and thereby continued the shift in attitude that had begun under Lord Loudoun during the French and Indian War.