The last chapter of volume one shows how the interlingual licensing market has become increasingly globalized since 1989 and looks at individual developments such as conglomerate publishers (Bertelsmann’s Penguin Random House) and digitization. The chapter addresses two developments. First, in the German-language realm, the agencies challenged the publishers for their monopoly over the exploitation of licenses in general and translation rights in particular. The agencies were able to make a case to the writers that they were in a better position than the publishers to represent the authors’ rights and broker them to foreign publishers. The other development is a result of the new possibilities offered by global publishing. In the twenty-first century, in addition to country-specific rights, publishers also acquire global rights, not only in order to divide these up and resell them as country-specific licenses to other publishers, but in fact with the intention of publishing and distributing the respective titles in other languages and for other markets themselves.