The realm of licensing, as a part of the history of copyright law, emerged and changed as a result of the codification, internationalization, moralization, institutionalization, and differentiation according to the media, format, and genre, of copyright law. Within this modern realm of possibility in literature, shaped by copyright law and multilateralism, there then developed concrete licensing spaces such as interlingual licensing and transmedia licensing. Translation processes could now be described as processes that were controlled by the culture of origin. The target culture could no longer make arbitrary decisions about the literary transfers; first, it had to obtain the authority to do so. The chapter describes a structural change that arose from the licensing requirement for translation and that has divided the interlingual exchange of literature, to this day, into the two categories of works in the public domain and protected works. This relationship also affects the translation market, which exists both as a licensing market between different nations and as a national market for literature in the public domain (e.g., classics).