The wetland area of Guizhou Province is 21 × 104 hm2, and plays a very important role in the protection and restoration of wetlands in this region. In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy and society in Guizhou Province, the water environment quality in the basin has been deteriorating day by day, which has become an important factor restricting its sustainable development. This article takes typical aquatic plants in Guizhou Province as the research object and explores their impact on wetland water environment quality. This article intends to study the restoration mechanism of aquatic plants on wetland ecosystems through field investigations, water environment monitoring and other means, combined with data on vegetation growth and water environment changes. Aquatic plant A (Potamogeton crispus L.) has the best water quality improvement effect, with a significant improvement in water quality. There are 25 species of aquatic animals, and the organic matter content in wetland soil is 3.5%; The water quality improvement of aquatic plant B (Alismaplantago-aquatica L.) is good, with 20 species of aquatic animals and 3.0% organic matter content in wetland soil. The expected results of this article can deepen the understanding of the functions of aquatic plants and provide a theoretical basis for the protection and management of wetlands.