Waste generation is the evident outcome of any developmental activity. With rapid urbanization, increase in population, resource consumption, there arise need of effective sustainable waste management. This is the biggest challenge of a developing nation. Lack of technical advancement and practice of conservative means of waste disposal further worsens the situation of waste handling in developing nation. Piles of waste contributing to air emission, ground water pollution and breeding ground for vectors of various diseases are the common noticeable issues in developing nation. This chapter elaborates various drivers for sustainable solid waste management like government policies and legislation, economic factors, physical factors like quantity and composition of waste, environmental and human behavioral factors. These factors determine how a nation treats their wastes. In this chapter the concept of sustainable waste management and their impact on environment and society are discussed. There are numerous impacts of sustainable waste management on environment like resource management, pollution mitigation and mitigating climate impact are elaborated along with social impacts like public awareness, generation of employment through promotion of circular economy and reduction in adverse impacts on health when waste is sustainably managed. There are various implementation challenges in developing nations like lack of infrastructure, resources, funds and awareness that needs to be addressed. This chapter discusses these challenges and their impacts. Various case studies are elaborated from developed and developing nations which suggest good practices that can be emulated by others in order to manage their wastes effectively and efficiently for achieving various sustainable development goals. Government of India’s case study of Swachhta Abhiyan has also been discussed in detail highlighting strategies and work carried out in rural and urban India as a model of sustainable solid waste management.