Municipal solid waste generation is an inevitable issue in many developing countries. Globally, the quantity of MSW generated has increased due to the population’s and urbanization’s exponential rise, the development of social economies, and improvements in living standards. As the urbanization accelerates, so does the generation of municipal solid waste, placing immense pressure on waste management systems. Effective municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is a critical aspect of sustainable urban development in the context of developing countries. When resources are properly segregated at the source, resource recovery is maximized, environmental impact is reduced, and waste processing is made more effective. In this chapter, we discuss briefly about the significance of waste collection and segregation. Following waste segregation, MSW can be treated using a variety of techniques, including biological, thermal, and landfill processes. The chapter explore the challenges posed by increasing waste generation and the need for sustainable waste management practices. Furthermore, the chapter critically evaluates the various waste treatment technologies, including landfill, incineration, composting, vermicomposting, pyrolysis, gasification and recycling, highlighting their respective merits and drawbacks.