Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), located in northern Pakistan, is characterized by its diverse landscapes, historical significance, and rich cultural heritage. The province’s economy heavily relies on agriculture, horticulture, livestock, and forestry, making it particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. The region’s varied topography, encompassing alpine meadows, dense forests, and arid zones, supports unique ecosystems but also faces significant environmental challenges. Climate change is increasingly affecting KP, influencing crop yields, soil health, and water availability, thus threatening food security and biodiversity. This chapter aims to analyze the threats and causes of climate change in KP, its impact on biodiversity loss, and the implications for food security, while evaluating the interconnections among these issues. It proposes integrated strategies to enhance resilience and sustainable development in the face of climate challenges. The chapter also highlights the province’s susceptibility to extreme weather events such as droughts, heat waves, and floods, which endanger ecosystems, agricultural productivity, and community well-being. The loss of biodiversity and habitat degradation further exacerbates these challenges by undermining essential ecosystem services. To address these issues, the chapter advocates for collaborative strategies involving experts across various fields to develop comprehensive plans focused on ecosystem protection and climate change adaptation, ensuring a sustainable future for the region.