The Agdal Management System, a centuries-old tradition among the Amazigh communities in the Moroccan High Atlas, represents a sophisticated form of communal land management. This system regulates the use of high-altitude pastures through shared access and temporal restrictions, ensuring the sustainable utilization of natural resources. The Agdal operates within a framework of customary law, with decisions traditionally made by local assemblies known as “jmaâ”. This system has historically provided a balance between resource conservation and the livelihood needs of pastoral communities, allowing for periods of rest and regeneration of pastures. In recent decades, the Agdal system has faced significant challenges due to increased State intervention and the influx of private capital. These changes have often clashed with traditional practices, leading to a crisis of legitimacy. State projects and policies have sometimes failed to adequately incorporate the local knowledge and practices that are central to the Agdal’s effective functioning. Additionally, the pressure from private actors seeking to exploit these communal resources for profit has further complicated the management of the Agdal, often at the expense of communal interests. Amidst these challenges, local NGOs have emerged as crucial stakeholders, attempting to mediate between traditional practices and modern governance structures. These organizations aim to empower local populations, revitalize traditional management practices, and advocate for policies that recognize and integrate the Agdal’s ecological and cultural values. Despite these efforts, the future of the Agdal remains uncertain. The system’s resilience hinges on the populations’ ability to adapt to changing socioeconomic and ecological conditions while preserving the communal ethos that underpins the Agdal. This chapter delves into the complex interactions between State policies, private interests, and traditional community governance within the Agdal system. It highlights the delicate balance required to manage these commons in ways that respect both environmental sustainability and the socioeconomic needs of local populations. The research underscores the importance of inclusive and adaptive management strategies that can reconcile the diverse and sometimes conflicting interests at play. Through this analysis, the chapter contributes to broader discussions on the governance of common-pool resources, the role of traditional knowledge systems, and the implications of modernization on traditional local practices.