Desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, is a major pest of many crops and pastures across nearly 30 million km2, covering Africa, north of the equator, the Middle East, and the Arab and Indo-Pakistani peninsulas. Like other locusts, S. gregaria can move from a solitary phase with low-density populations during recessions to a gregarious phase with high-density populations during invasions, when its hopper bands and swarms are devastating to agriculture. The importance of this pest has necessitated the establishment of a prevention strategy operated through numerous national monitoring and control centers located in the most affected countries. These systems are coordinated at the international level by the Food and Agriculture Organization, which has an information service responsible for monitoring the situation throughout the insect’s range and forecasting the risk of outbreaks and invasions. This warning and risk prevention system has reduced the extent of invasions in most major agricultural areas. Current and future climate change may modify the locust risk to a greater or lesser extent. It is indeed in the presence of favorable climatic conditions (heavy rains and warmer temperatures) that invasions start from a smaller and more desert-like range. As a result, it is necessary to better assess the likely evolution of this agricultural pest in order to anticipate the desirable modifications of the current prevention system. Recent research has indicated a strong correlation between climate change and the frequency and intensity of desert locust outbreaks. The warming climate has led to more extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and cyclones, which create ideal breeding conditions for locusts. For instance, the Horn of Africa has experienced unprecedented locust invasions following unusual climatic patterns, with significant implications for regional food security and ecosystems. This book chapter aims to synthesize the current state of knowledge on the relationship between desert locusts and climate change and to identify the knowledge gaps and research needs for locust management and adaptation.