The aim of this chapter is to offer different chemical analyses and characterization options for researchers or whoever is looking for an appropriate methodology to analyze results obtained in laboratory tests, especially assuming the challenge to find the best process to achieve bio-products under biorefinery concept. In this way, the information provided will be very useful to evaluate the results and moreover, to improve the research process. That is the reason why analytical techniques to characterize different lignocellulosic biomass are described with detailed data about its principles and methodology, emphasizing either physical or chemical protocols that are followed normally in research laboratories. Taking into account that lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses are the principal compounds of these kinds of raw materials, which in general are residues, the information is emphasized with that target of analysis. Nevertheless, as it is possible to obtain a lot of bio-products from biomass, like sugars, alcohols, aromatics, biopolymers and so on, other analytical methods are included.