In this chapter, we trace the history of the main political parties associated with populism, whether at the federal or provincial level. We begin this task by going back to the roots of this movement to analyze its first seeds. This includes the United Farmers, the Social Credit, and the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. The creation of the CCF and Social Credit should be analyzed as a populist reaction to the type of industrial capitalism that developed in Canada at that time. The Canadian West was then undergoing a period of great change, with the massive arrival of immigrants from Europe and the United States. Many brought with them new radical ideologies. We will also present more contemporary parties that could have been seen at different level, as populists, such as the NDP and left-wing populism, the Reform Party and the People’s Party for right-wing populism. We also question the stance of the Conservatives under Steven Harper. It can be summed up as follows: to be or not to be populist? One thing is clear, unifying the Canadian right has always been a real headache, due to rural–urban and linguistic divides.