This chapter focuses on the signal processing of the various radar types and modulation schemes. Here, the range and velocity information is estimated from the signals received by the radar sensors and assigned to the targets. For this purpose, different signal processing chains are used, each involving similar signal processing steps. Often, a 2D Fourier transform along the frame’s fast time and slow time is first used to generate the so-called range-velocity matrix. If the radar has sufficient range or velocity resolution, range and velocity information of potential targets can be extracted in the range-velocity matrix using a threshold filtering via a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection algorithm. Subsequently, an angle estimation is carried out for these targets using the individual radar channels or receiving antennas. The following chapter explain the individual processing steps in detail: First, various window types and their significance in signal processing are introduced. After that, the estimation of the range and velocity information for the analog and digital modulation methods is presented. Finally, target detection using a CFAR detector is introduced.