This concluding chapter synthesizes the study’s findings on the efficacy and strategic considerations of online counter-extremism (P/CVE) communications. The research identifies three core issues by applying a hybrid theoretical model (SoRaSCo)—which integrates socialisation theory, reasoned action behaviour-change models, and strategic communications. Firstly, over-reliance on radicalisation discourse skews P/CVE work toward psychological frameworks, overlooking crucial social and contextual factors shaping extremist engagement. Secondly, current approaches often fail to incorporate socialisation processes that influence norm formation, vulnerability, and audience receptivity to counter-narratives. Thirdly, these conceptual and methodological gaps blur the strategic intent and clarity needed to design and measure effective counter-narratives (CNs). By examining three case studies, the study demonstrates how nuanced, socially grounded approaches (exemplified by the AX project) outperform generic or metric-driven efforts (as seen in CC and SR) that prioritise reach over meaningful behaviour change. The research highlights the necessity of embracing deeper cultural, normative, and social insights to guide content design, delivery, and evaluation. Ultimately, the chapter argues that P/CVE communications must move beyond simplistic radicalisation models and short-term “quick wins” toward an integrated, theoretically rich, iterative strategic communications practice capable of achieving lasting preventive and behaviour-change outcomes.