In the field of anaesthesia, artificial intelligence (AI) is defined as the ability of a system to analyse large, complex data sets, extract relevant information, detect patient-specific risks, and optimize clinical decision-making. The integration of AI in this field represents a revolution, offering promising prospects for safety, efficiency, and precision in surgical procedures. Thanks to these advanced technologies, anaesthesiologists can now benefit from intelligent systems capable of real-time monitoring patients’ vital signs, detecting subtle variations in their physiological parameters, and anticipating possible complications. This chapter presents an innovative approach for a more intelligent, precise, and secure administration of anaesthesia, aiming to determine the optimal dose of anaesthetic drugs according to the patient’s individual characteristics. This reflection enriches the Q-learning algorithm by adding a risk parameter specifically adapted to its application in anaesthesia. This proposes a reliable and promising method to optimize analgesia management during surgical procedures. The addition of this risk variable thus makes it possible to consider the effectiveness of analgesia and the risks associated with decisions made by the anaesthesiologist or by the automated analgesia management system during the surgical intervention.