Urban shuttles in the form of Low-speed Automated Driving (LSAD) systems have been already introduced in many European cities as part of pilot test campaigns. They have undergone several years of development and are reasonable candidates for commercial deployment. Usually, the Operational Design Domain of LSAD vehicles is restricted, eliminating a vast amount of foreseeable critical cases. Nonetheless, the traffic scenarios of the urban environment still expose them to a variety of unsafe situations, where in particular the interaction with Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) remains a critical aspect. For this reason, the EU Type Approval Regulation for Automated Driving Systems includes specific provisions for these systems to safely interact with VRUs. By means of a dedicated experimental campaign, the present study is assessing the behavior of an LSAD vehicle, using as a reference the provisions of the European Regulation. There was no aim to prove regulatory compliance, but rather to define the safety level of the systems. The results suggest that development is still needed for these types of LSAD vehicles to reach a minimum acceptable level of safety and also provide evidence that the European Regulation is ambitious enough to prevent the deployment of unsafe systems on EU roads.

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Safety of Low-Speed Automated Driving Systems and Its Implication on Commercial Implementation in the EU

  • Sándor Vass,
  • Riccardo Donà,
  • Konstantinos Mattas,
  • Bálint Tóth,
  • Máté Áron Heé,
  • Giulia Morandin,
  • Maria Cristina Galassi,
  • Biagio Ciuffo

摘要

Urban shuttles in the form of Low-speed Automated Driving (LSAD) systems have been already introduced in many European cities as part of pilot test campaigns. They have undergone several years of development and are reasonable candidates for commercial deployment. Usually, the Operational Design Domain of LSAD vehicles is restricted, eliminating a vast amount of foreseeable critical cases. Nonetheless, the traffic scenarios of the urban environment still expose them to a variety of unsafe situations, where in particular the interaction with Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) remains a critical aspect. For this reason, the EU Type Approval Regulation for Automated Driving Systems includes specific provisions for these systems to safely interact with VRUs. By means of a dedicated experimental campaign, the present study is assessing the behavior of an LSAD vehicle, using as a reference the provisions of the European Regulation. There was no aim to prove regulatory compliance, but rather to define the safety level of the systems. The results suggest that development is still needed for these types of LSAD vehicles to reach a minimum acceptable level of safety and also provide evidence that the European Regulation is ambitious enough to prevent the deployment of unsafe systems on EU roads.