Electric Motors
摘要
As the transition to electric vehicles (EVs) accelerates globally, addressing the lifecycle of key components, such as electric motors, becomes increasingly relevant. Electric motors, particularly those based on permanent magnets (PM), contain valuable materials like copper, aluminium, and rare earth elements (REEs) such as neodymium and dysprosium. The recovery of these elements is essential for a sustainable resource management and for reducing the dependency on virgin materials. Despite mature end-of-life vehicle (ELV) frameworks in the European Union, challenges remain in effectively recycling electric motors, particularly in recovering REEs from PM motors. Current practices primarily involve destructive disassembly, which complicates the separation of REEs, often resulting in significant material losses. Innovative solutions are emerging, including mechanical, chemical, and hydrometallurgical methods for magnets recovery, alongside the development of alternative motor designs that minimise the reliance on critical materials. This chapter reviews the legislative landscape, technological advancements, and industrial initiatives addressing the recycling and remanufacturing of EV motors. By exploring case studies and European projects, it highlights practical approaches to enhance circularity within the EV sector.