The environment is under greater pressure from solid and liquid wastes generated by the tannery industry. These are unavoidable by-products of the leather manufacturing process that, if not adequately treated before discharge, cause severe pollution. The current case study investigates the tanning sector in the Dindigul district, which is the fundamental purpose of our inquiry. To investigate the groundwater quality in the tannery industry region and how it affects health. The study uses cartography, geo-statistics, and spatial analysis technologies such as GPS and GIS. Data are gathered from both primary and secondary sources. There were 20 locations identified for the collection of samples within the research region between 2012 and 2023. Then, the water samples were subjected to various geochemical analyses such as pH, TDS, SO42−, Cl−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and F−. Water quality has been analyzed based on the BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards). The data was analyzed using Multivariate statistical techniques known as ‘Factor Analysis.‘ The study examined about 64 parameters—Lime, sodium, chrome, sulfate, oil dyes, chromium, water hardness, disease indicators, environmental and ecological indicators, etc. The factor analysis matrix identifying seven major dimensions explained the total variance of 87.63% with an Eigenvalue ranging from 1.00 to 5.60. Tannery effluents impact pure groundwater, soil, plants, irrigation, and animals. Dating wastewater directly into streams and rivers will likely cause significant harm to the sensitive ecosystem. Disorders common in tannery effluent areas include skin ulceration, allergic skin, and dermatitis. It was discovered that the quality of groundwater for human use has significantly deteriorated in the western half of Dindigul, including Pallapatti, Adiyanuthu, and Vellodu village panchayats, as a cause of the protrusion of toxic effluents from leather tanning businesses.